Prior to modern high-speed equipment, cooling from a lubricant was not needed. The slow cutting speeds did not generate much heat. The straight lubricants were able to transfer enough heat to avoid damage to the parts and tools. However, modern equipment operates at high speeds. This high speed movement creates tremendous amounts of heat which must be removed by the coolant. Failure to remove the heat and chips in the contact zone, between the cutting tool and the part will shorten tool life and increase the number of tool changes as well as reduce the tolerances of tooling and part because of thermal expansion.